This paper presents the results of engineering geology and geotechnical studies in the Hamadan city. The methodology of this research work was English Abstracts of Farsi Papers getting data from geotechnical reports of the previous works and engineering geology studies, which have been done by authors. This is the first geotechnical report from the area, which has an overall view to the soils profile and foundation of the Hamadan city. In order to study quaternary non-cemented alluvials in this area, a South-North section with a length of 14 Km from Hamadan Plain was chosen. This section started from Dareh- Moradbeig to the end of Hamadan Airport. Based on the field and laboratory studies, conditions and texture of the alluvial and foundation of Hamadan city were considered. As a result, non-cemented alluvial in this area were studied in details and a geotechnical profile of the soils in this section was prepared. Results of this research work as a geotechnical profile of soil and foundation of Hamada city can be used for engineering constructions in the study area. It should be noted that, this profile is introduced from the study area forth first time.

In the last decades, the production of smart materials have led to modern structures with superior properties. Among these materials one may points to the Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) which show the capability of retaining the large plastic strains when exposed to outer temperature or traction loadings. The developement of SMA acuators in the forms of wire and stent have attracted many attentions in the fields of engineering and smart structures. In this regard, an analytical model is represented for the composite beam with shape memory alloy wires resting on the Pasternak elastic foundation. The composite beam is simply-supported in both sides and pre-strained SMA wires are embedded in the middle of the cross section. The governing equations of Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh, Shear and Timoshenko beams are extracted using the Hamilton's principle. By heating the beam, strain recovery operation will produce a tensile force along the beam. This tensile force in turn will produce a compressive force against the beam supports. The resulted force is modeled by martensite transformation. By normalizing the governing equations, analytical relations are provided to evaluate the exact solution of natural frequency. The validity of results are established by comparing the typical solution with similar solution in the literature. Based on the analyses, the effects of Pasternak foundation coefficients, number of SMA wires, thickness to span ratio, recoverable strain limit and span to width ratio on the natural frequency in temperature above the austenite finish temperature are found and represented by using the engineering beam theories.

Embankment dam of Zarani in the Hormozgan province is located 35 km southeast of Minab. Studied area is located in the western end of the Makran subduction zone. The main regional faulting systems near the site, is Minab- Zandan-Palami right- handed thrust system. The purpose of this study was to identify the geology, engineering geology of reservoir area, and foundation and fulcrum of dam, scrutiny and analysis discontinuities of rock mass, to determine joints and fractures, determine the permeability of dam structure (foundation and fulcrum) based on the results lugeon test and finally, offer suggestions for cut off dam. The research method includes first gather basic information and general research, and then field investigations were done and finally were analyzed data by the Stereonet, Stereograph and Dips software. The result of lugeon test showed penetration depth in the right, middle and left side are 45, 45 and 50 respectively, the slope of shale - sandstone layers of site is near vertical and the dip direction is the east to northeast. This condition of site formation has cut off rule, but it cause to seepage on the right shore of reservoir. In the right shore of the reservoir, shale layers were dominant and have folded out by the Zendan faults and has changed trend of the layers, which caused cut off in this area. The left and right abutment of structure, three sets of discontinuities crosscut the rock mass, according to the layering in these categories are with discontinuities, make most of potentially space to escape water, but because of vertical layers, this space has not noticeable effect on seepage.

Resistance is one of the fundamental Quranic values in the cause of the development of the Islamic society and the formation of the Islamic civilization, which means standing and resisting against something has upset the balance in internal and external dimensions. The formation of this value in the society as one of the methods of the conventional model of human life in the fields of human life; So that its manifestation can be observed in the totality of social behaviors, it is called the culture of resistance (Problem statement). The purpose of this article is the achievement of the engineering process of this value in a society based on the growth-oriented thought (ideological) system of the Holy Quran (Purpose). Now the question is what process does the Holy Quran propose in order to engineer the culture of resistance in the society? (Question). The necessity of examining this issue is clear considering the emphasis of religious teachings on this value and the need for Islamic societies, especially considering the current conditions of Islam and the need for convergence and coordination between the resistance front (Necessity). The research method in stating the engineering process and its components is qualitative content analysis with an analogy approach (Method). The findings of the research show that the engineering process of resistance culture is based on a self-awareness and purposefulness, according to the idea of Quranic growth, in a three-stage process that leads to the happiness of man and human society (Conclusion).

In this research, besides introducing both methods QFD&VE, their different benefits and aspects have been investigated by studying the effect of cost as a main value engineering dimension and independent variable on QFD.The method of operation has been explained by a practical example and the required data have been collected by a questionnaire completed by the managers and specialists of the auto-part manufacturers of the province.This questionnaire's reliability (a=0.828) and validity were approved, and the hypothesis test was analyzed by t-test (comparison of pairs) in SPSS 15 software.The hypothesis test by SPSS15 software showed that all of the three hypotheses are accepted. So according to the gained numbers and meaningful difference between the states of (without using VE) and (by using VE) can conclude that the value engineering can be the cause of QFD method improvement.Finally, the advised method presented by a practical example and some suggestions for the planning of applying the above method were submitted.

Strengthening and expanding the rural housing sector and providing technical and engineering services have led to improved quality of life, sustainable employment, rural development, diversification of the rural economy, increased incomes, reduced poverty and thus elimination of deprivation. Building a robust and safe environment against the dangers of natural disasters; makes it necessary to establish a basic and technical system which acts as a control mechanism in rural constructions. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the performance of technical and engineering services of the Housing Foundation in villages which are located in Mehriz County. In terms of method, the research is descriptive-analytical and with regards to purpose, it is the applied one. Required information was collected by field method by taking the advantages of interview, observation and questionnaire. A questionnaire was prepared by the researcher according to the research objectives. Questionnaire consists of the queries which are prepared according to answers in likert scale of 5 scales and moreover the questions were defined in order to satisfy the needs of the researcher. In order to measure the internal validity, first the content validity method was applied to increase the validity of the questionnaire and then Cronbach’ s alpha was used to measure the reliability of the research tool. The statistical population of this research includes the head of household, village administration, village council, directors and experts of Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation, managers and experts of county prefecture, governor, and administrators and experts of rural affairs in governorate. Descriptive statistics method was applied for briefing the survey’ s results, for examining the hypotheses, the Chi-square test was used and finally the researcher took the advantage of Friedman test and the t-test for prioritizing the variables in the technical software of SPSS. Sample size includes 46. 7% of the head of the household, 20% of the rural municipality and the Islamic Council of the village, 20% of the managers and experts of the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution, 6. 7% of the managers and experts of the district and the governorate, finally 6. 7% of the managers and experts of rural affairs. The results show that the factors affecting the performance of technical and engineering services of the Housing Foundation are summarized in three indices, respectively: 1-The most important factor in the human force index is the proper interaction between employees in order to advance clientschr('39') work. 2-The most substantial factor of the financial and economic indicators is the allocation of appropriate credits for construction. 3-The most significant factor of the workshop and equipment is the use of new, pre-fabricated, durable and quality materials for rural projects. Based on the results, the significance level of all data was less than 0. 05, so the distribution of data obtained from research questionnaires is normal. For this purpose, parametric statistics can be applied to test hypotheses. Furthermore, considering that the value of Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient calculated for each of the hypotheses is greater than 0. 7, it can be concluded that the designed questionnaire has acceptable reliability. Based on the fact that out of the seven factors measured for the first index, two impact factors have shown up to 95% and five impact factors have shown up to 99%, so appropriate specialist staffs for providing the clients with services is determined as the most effective factor. Based on the fact that out of 8 factors measured for the second index, two impact factors have shown up to 95% level and 6 impact factors have shown up to 99% level, so the appropriate money and credit were allocated for the construction of projects are specified. Based on the fact that out of 8 factors measured for the third index, 2 impact factors have shown up to 95% level and 6 impact factors have shown up to 99% level, so the use of new, prefabricated, durable and quality materials for rural projects is determined.

Dams as one of the most important and massive engineering structures demand more attention due to their complex analysis. The enormous dimension of the dam and its interaction with the foundation and reservoir domain make it difficult to fully consider all analytical aspects. In order to study the whole system, researchers usually try to develop simplifying methods to consider the real conditions of dam-reservoir-foundation systems. The obtained results in recent years have indicated that the proposed methods are complicated and time consuming. Considering these limitations, design codes usually propose some simple assumptions for analysis, especially for the initial study phases. However, the implication of these primary methods may lead to overestimated responses that are usually conservative. The massless foundation is one of the most important simplifying assumptions in the analysis process of the dam-reservoir-foundation system, which has been considered broadly by dam designers based on its simple application. However, the obtained results during recent years have indicated that the massed foundation assumption has profound effects on structure dynamic responses and should be considered in the analyses. In this study, the far-end boundary condition of foundation (Lysmer Boundary Condition) and semi-infinite element for the foundation have been investigated for the analysis of the dam-reservoir-foundation system. In the proposed method, although the mass of foundation has been considered, the seismic load would be imposed on dam body of concrete gravity dam. The analyses have been carried out under different time histories including broadband of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The dam responses due to massless foundation assumption have been investigated for comparison. The comparison of the obtained results and those of the traditional method clearly indicates the capability and efficiency of the proposed method. Furthermore, the far-end boundary condition of foundation and semi-infinite elements considerably reduced the time and cost of the analysis; therefore, these could be practical approaches to preliminary analyses that might be useful for engineers and researchers.

In this paper, I address the issue of the possible applicability of the ideas of Karl R. Popper’s social and political philosophy in the contemporary political life of postcolonial countries. Through reference to the reception of Popper’s philosophy in Central and Eastern Europe, I argue that Popper’s writings were effective in catalysing the political wholesale transformation by undermining Marxists’ pretensions to scientific status rather than through his anti-utopian and anti-revolutionary political recommendations. In the context of attempts to apply Popper’s ideas in postcolonial countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa, I claim that the influence of Popper’s social thought on the politics of those countries may not be as effective as expected or desired.